Original title: Hangzhou Wansong Academy
Author: Shao Qun
Source: “New Reading” Issue 3, 2019
Time: Confucius II Bingwu, the fifth day of the fourth lunar month of Jihai, the year 570
Jesus May 9, 2019
The academies in Hangzhou arose in the Yuan Dynasty During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they reached their peak. Although it started slightly later than the Huaxia region, its teaching level and academic atmosphere have always been at the leading position in the country. Among them, the most famous is Wansong Academy (Fuwen Academy). Historically, it was the highest institution of learning in Zhejiang, the seat of Confucius’s southern sect, the center of royal learning, and a famous academy frequently favored by the emperor. It led the development of academies in Jiangsu and Zhejiang during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The predecessor of Wansong Academy
Wansong Ridge, It starts from the south bank of West Lake in the west and reaches the north bank of Qianjiang River in the east. One night from the second to fourth years of Changqing (822), Bai Juyi, the great poet who was the governor of Hangzhou at that time, passed by Wansongling and wrote a seven-character poem – “Returning at Night”:
Half-drunk, I walked leisurely on the east bank of the lake, my horsewhip beating the stirrup and bridle.
Thousands of pine trees on the green hills, ten miles of sand embankment in the bright moon.
The corner of the building gradually moves into the shadow of the road, and the tide is about to cross the river.
Songs and music were not played when I returned, and the painted halberd door was opened with red candles.
Wansong Academy is located on this quiet and beautiful Wansong Ridge, facing Yunju Mountain, backed by Fenghuang Mountain, with Qiantang River on the left, West Lake on the right, and surrounded by mountains on three sides. , there are Liuyue Cliff, Furong Rock, Guifeng, ShixiaquanEthiopia Sugar in the west, with rugged rocks, knotted ancient vines, and clear spring water. .
The predecessor of the academy was a temple, built in the Zhenyuan period of Tang Dynasty (785-804Ethiopians Sugardaddy), named Baoen Temple. There were two famous local chief executives in Hangzhou – Bai Juyi, the governor of the Tang Dynasty, and Su Dongpo, the prefect of the Song Dynasty. During their tenure in Hangzhou, they frequently visited Baoen Temple. They left many poems while cooking wine, drinking tea and meditating with the monks. , was passed down as Ethiopians Sugardaddy legend.
Ming Dynasty The founding of Wansong Academy
In the eleventh year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1498), Zhou Mu, the right political advisor of Zhejiang Province, visited the site of the original Baoen Temple. Reconstruction of Wansong Academy Ethiopia Sugar In the early days of its establishment, Wansong Academy was large in scale, and the main building layout followed the official “Left Temple and Right School”. ” shape. On the left (east) near the mountain is the Confucius Hall. The Confucius Hall is the original building of Baoen Temple. After repair, it was used as a memorial place for the academy. There is Wansong Gate in front of the hall and Mingdao Hall in the back. There are Zhai on both sides of the west corridor. There are five rooms
At that time, the internal organization of Wansong Academy Ethiopians Sugardaddy The organizational structure of the academy is relatively simple. It recruits two types of students: child students and supervisors. It hires erudite Confucians as mountain leaders and sages with both moral and academic excellence as professors. It initially establishes the academic rules and regulations of the academy. The academic rules are based on the “Bai” written by the Neo-Confucian Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty. “Ludong Academy Reminder”; the lecture content is Confucian “Four Books” and other classics and history works; learning advocates focusing on personal study, emphasizing self-cultivation and self-cultivation; the academy does not encourage students to participate in imperial examinations, but Confucius does not object to it. The hall enshrines the statue of Confucius, the four statues and the ten wooden masters of the original Southern Song Dynasty Academy. Descendants of the Confucius family of Nanzong in Quzhou presided over the memorial ceremony. In addition, the local government also specially allocated 170 acres of the original Baoen Temple mountainous area as the academy’s memorial field. “To prepare for the sacrifice”. After exploration and practice in the early days of its establishment, Wansong Academy gradually became an influential and famous academy in Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
During the Zhengde and Jiajing periods of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Shouren traveled everywhere Ming Shizong was very dissatisfied with his lectures, and his academic ideas and ideological system were increasingly perfected and widely spread. He believed: “Wang Shouren spoke freely, slandered the Confucian scholars, called on his disciples, made false claims, used deceit and indulgence, and harmed people’s minds. , in recent years scholars have spread heresies, all of which are advocated by him. “The academy was destroyed.
Sixteen years later, in the 33rd year of Jiajing (1554), Sun Meng, the prefect of Hangzhou, rebuilt Wansong Academy among the ruins. Wanli of Ming Dynasty In the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty (1577), Ma Yingmeng, the censor of salt inspection, built the Jidao Hall in the north of Yuxiu Pavilion, with Qiongli and Jujing two rooms. There was a burst of joking and joking. Fortunately, with the support of Xu Jie, Zhejiang Inspector Xie Shiqi and Tixue Qianshi Qiao Yinfu argued that “Wansong Academy was dedicated to the ancestors and should not be destroyed.” , begged again and again, “Okay, let’s try. “Mother Pei nodded with a smile, reached out and picked up a wild vegetable pancake and put it in her mouth. It was not destroyed., and was renamed “Xiansheng Temple”, dedicated to Confucius. After Jiajing, the rulers of the Ming Dynasty paid more attention to ideological control. In less than fifty years from Wanli to Tianqi, they destroyed academies across the country twice. The Xiansheng Temple (or Wansongling Confucius Temple) was completely destroyed.
Wansong Academy was also deeply influenced by visiting scholar Wang Shouren’s “Xinxue” theory, Ethiopia Sugar Daddy attaches great importance to “explaining the truth” in running a school, advocating academic debate and communication; attaching importance to self-study, advocating independent research, and cultivating students’ independent academic abilities; opposing study aimed at seeking fame and fortune, advocating “exploration” The truth-seeking and pragmatic style of study is to understand the essence of principles and inquire into the source of governance. In the early years of Wanli, the ruling class once again mentioned Cheng and Zhu’s ideological theory of “Ju Jing Qiong Li” and denounced Wang Shouren’s theory as “pseudo-science and reputation stealing”. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the academy was gradually controlled by the authorities. Under the arrangement of the imperial examination system, students’ learning goals were just to pass the imperial examination, earn an official position, and honor their ancestors.
The prosperity of Wansong Academy in the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty At the beginning, the rulers were afraid that college lectures would lead to the rise of anti-Qing thoughts among the Ming Dynasty survivors, so they prohibited the development of college education. Wansong Academy only rebuilt the Confucius Ancestral Hall during the Shunzhi period. In the tenth year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1671), Fan Chengmo, governor of Zhejiang, rebuilt Wansong Academy and renamed it “Taihe Academy”, gradually entering its prosperous period of nearly two hundred yearsEthiopians Sugardaddy.
In the fifty-fifth year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1716), the emperor granted him the title of “Zhejiang River Fu Wen”. Xu Yuanmeng, the governor of Zhejiang Province, brought it back to Hangzhou from the capital and built a stone tablet. Memorial pavilion. Kangxi also gave an imperial inscription of seven rhymes and one poem, which included “I hope to cultivate people like this, and the lecture hall will be close to Fu Wen”, so the academy was renamed “Fu Wen Yuan”. In the fourth year of the reign of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty (1726), Li Wei, the governor of Zhejiang, took charge of the maintenance and renovated all the buildings in the academy. From the outside to the inside, they are the “Taihe Yuanqi” Stone Square, Jimen, Zhengyi Hall, and Kuixing Pavilion. Xuezhai. In the second year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1797), while serving in Hangzhou, Qin Ying, the Supervisor, saw that “the corridors and verandas were pouring, and the halls were seeping”, so he asked “Okay, mom agrees”Ethiopians EscortYou, lie down first, lie down, don’t be so excited. The doctor said you need to rest for a while and don’t have any mood swings.” Lan Mu comforted her softly and helped her, Governor Bai Yu Funding for repairs. This time the maintenance project was large, and a total of more than 500 taels of silver were spent to make “the missing ones complete, the beetles strong, the dark ones dull, and the thin ones useless.”
After the first three large-scale repairs, the scale of Wansong Academy has been further expanded. After two construction projects in Jiaqing and Daoguang, the school became even more elegant. In the eleventh year of the reign of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty (1733), Wansong Academy was designated as the provincial capital academy, and was awarded a thousand silver Ethiopians Sugardaddy two ” Tuition fees”. In March of the 16th year of Qianlong’s reign in the Qing Dynasty (1751), Emperor Gaozong Hongli visited Wansong Academy for the first time and awarded it the title of “Exquisite Beauty in Lakes and Mountains” and an additional 1,000 taels of silver. He also gave one copy each of the Thirteen Classics and the Twenty-Two Histories published by Weiwu Palace. After that, Hongli visited the south of the Yangtze River six times and visited Wansong Academy six times, paying special attention to Wansong Academy. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng (1861), when the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom army occupied Hangzhou City, Wansong Academy was destroyed for the fourth time. In the third year of Tongzhi (1864), the Taiping Army withdrew from Hangzhou. In the second year, the academy temporarily borrowed the Minglun Hall and Zunjing Pavilion from Fuxue to start classes. It was rebuilt in the fifth year of Tongzhi (1866) and was put in charge of the prefect Ge Yu’an. The governor Ma Xinyi wrote the “Reconstruction Notes of Fuwen Academy”.
From Wansong Academy to Taihe Academy, and from Taihe Academy to Fuwen Academy, in these more than 400 years, Wansong Academy has experienced four destructions and four constructions. and more than ten serious repairs and historical changes. However, in its heyday, it did become the largest, longest-lasting and most influential gathering place for literati in Hangzhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties with complete field sacrifices, complete academic rules and regulations, and a rich collection of books. She was in the sunshine The beauty underneath really surprised and amazed him, but the strange thing was that Ethiopia Sugar Daddy he had never seen her before, but at that time It feels really different from how it feels now. Together with Chongwen Academy, Ziyang Academy, and Sutra Execution Temple at that time, it was known as the “Four Major Schools in Hangzhou”. Ethiopians Sugardaddy now ranks First among them. During the Qianlong period, a large number of temple ritual vessels were purchased. The academy’s book collection also reached its richest during this period, with more than 10,000 volumes in the collection. In addition to continuing the teaching themes and academic regulations from the early stage, the “Monthly Lessons Regulations for Filial Piety and Integrity – Planning and Opening Regulations” were added to make the academy’s academic regulations and regulations more complete. Students from all over the country come to Ethiopia Sugar Daddy one after another, and it has trained a large number of outstanding students such as Yuan Mei and Zhu Delin.
The rulers of the Qing Dynasty incorporated academies into the track of official education and would no longer Ethiopia Sugar‘s restricted lectures were changed to Shiwen (clichéd writing) training. The funds were allocated by the government. The purpose of running the school was also to advance through the imperial examination. It gradually merged with the official school, and the number of graduates was reduced. The proportion of those who passed the high school entrance examination was the highest in Hangzhou. In the late Qing Dynasty, Wansong Academy gradually declined from prosperity to ruin. .com/storage/article/0-29.jpg!article_800_auto” style=”font-family: “Helvetica Neue”, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;”>
The revival of Wansong Academy in modern times
Since modern times, reformers believe that the reason for China’s weakness is poor education, Academically backward, the education model of the academy no longer meets the needs of the real society. To save the nation Ethiopia Sugar Daddy, education must be transformed. As a model of the old education system, Pine Academy, like all academies, has ended its historical mission in this transformation.
Since 1999, many schools have completed their mission. Passionate about Hangzhou’s historical and cultural heritage: “What, I can’t stand it anymore? “Mother Lan rolled her eyes at her daughter. She was helping her. Unexpectedly, her daughter had only been married for three days, and her heart turned to her son-in-law. With the appeal of people from all walks of life for property protection, the Hangzhou Garden and Cultural Relics Bureau carried out preliminary renovations on the site. . Then the Hangzhou Municipal Government will raise funds from various sources, and based on historical records and preserved relics, “In other words, it will take about half a year? “Adhering to the principle of maintaining the old as before, Wansong Academy was rebuilt on the site according to the old Ming-style system, and was completed and opened to tourists in October 2002. At this point, Wansong Academy, which had been silent for more than a century and was almost deserted, finally returned. Recreate the “prestigious school” style of 500 years ago
The reconstructed Wansong Academy, covering an area of about 60,000 square meters, is the western ET EscortsThe only culture around the lake with academy culture as its main bodyEthiopians Escort a>Park. The main building of the academy is modeled on the Fuwen Academy in Qianlong’s “Southern Tour of Scenic Spots”. It uses natural mountains, trees, ancient vines, and strange rocks as the background, and adopts a courtyard shape with central axis symmetry and multiple entrances, imitating the Ming Dynasty. The traditional architectural form uses whitewashed walls, millet columns and black tiles to make the academy simple and rich.There is a strong bookish atmosphere everywhere. The construction area of the courtyard is nearly 2,000 square meters. The main buildings such as the Pin-shaped archway, Yangsheng Gate, Yucui Gate, Mingdao Hall, Dacheng Hall, and “Eternal Master” platform are all concentrated on the central axis. Xuezhai and Imperial Stele Pavilion They are arranged on both sides, and other pavilions and pavilions are dotted according to the natural mountain topography. In the academy, there are lush flowers and trees, and strange stones are interspersed among them. It is surrounded by green pines, a gurgling stream, and thunder can be seen in the distance. The setting sun shines on the peak, the gemstones flow through the clouds, and you can hear the sound of pines, waves, springs, insects and birds nearby.
Since its opening in October 2002, Wansong Academy has relied on the strength of all walks of life to strive to achieve the two goals of “adults” and “starting a family”. The so-called “adult” means learning traditional Chinese Confucian culture, using the academy as a learning place, and learning the principles of life from the classic works of ancient sages and sages. The extended product is “Wansong Lecture Hall”. The so-called “getting married” is derived from the love story of “Butterfly Lovers”, which means to find the right person, start a family and start a business, and extend the product For the “Wansong College Blind Date”, we have continued to expand and extend, making the traditional classic culture more radiant and more contagious.
Inheritance and spread of Chinese civilization
Since 2008, Wansong Academy has been committed to the inheritance and dissemination of traditional academy culture. It hopes that through the promotion of various cultural personal experience activities, the traditional academies will “abandon glitz and focus on true meaning”. The style of study and the learning method of “learning, asking, thinking, and discerning” gradually penetrate into the hearts of the audience and inspire modern people. In 2010, “Wansong Classroom” successfully applied for Hangzhou’s cultural and creative industry special fund support project and won the title of “Ten Years of Quality of Life in Hangzhou” Ethiopians Escort Degree phenomenon of social learning has become a common practice” is the most representative annual block title.
Jiwansong Academy carries out various forms of civilized activities at all levels.
First, for young people, we carry out parent-child activities to experience Chinese culture and civilization in person. The more influential ones include the academy’s “Jinpan Ceremony”, “Coming of Age Ceremony”, and “Spring Festival”. Activities such as “Yu” allow students to experience traditional customs first-hand and absorb the spirit of respecting teachers and loving learning. 2018In 2016, on the basis of the Academy’s tradition of “Six Arts”, educational and entertaining activities such as “Let’s Run for Primary School Children” and the Academy Fun Party were innovatively upgraded. The colorful projects not only increased knowledge but also exercised the body. Through every activity, the essence of traditional academy civilization and traditional Chinese civilization ET Escorts will be spread to more people’s hearts. In 2018, Wansong Academy hosted nearly 30,000 students.
The second is to carry out lecture activities for Chinese studies enthusiasts, launch the “Wansong Lecture Hall”, and invite famous domestic and foreign scholars such as Zeng Shiqiang and Lou Yulie to give lectures and spread excellent civilization. The third is to compile and print relevant classics to expand dissemination radiation. “Collected Works to Commemorate the First Anniversary of Wansong Lecture Hall” compiled in 2011. “Wansong College” was published by Hangzhou Publishing House in 2003, “Wansong School” was published by Hangzhou Publishing House in 2008, and “Wansong College” was published by Hunan University Press in 2012.
Wansong Academy has also carried out many civilized transportation activities at home and abroad, and often cooperates with famous books such as Yuelu Academy and Taipei Academy Ethiopia Sugar Institute provides academic transportation and joint cooperation in business development. It also focuses on building an international transportation platform, and has established friendly school relationships with Byam Academy in Jeollanam-do, South Korea, Wolbong Academy, Naju Hyanggyo, and Gwangju Hyanggyo in Gwangju Metropolitan City, etc. to conduct exchange visits and transportation activities.
The composition of the blind date brand
The Love Legend of Butterfly Lovers Deeply loved by the general public, Wansong Academy is the birthplace of Butterfly Lovers. Since the launch of the “Wansong College Dating Meeting” in 2005, Wansong College has acted as a charity matchmaker and provided a dating platform for Hangzhou people every Saturday morning, attracting more and more people’s attention. Domestic and foreign media have reported that Wansong Academy has become famous and has become a popular place for dating and making friends in Hangzhou. Now, more and more people come here to look for fate.
Wansong Academy’s series of cultural experience activities are influencing people living in Hangzhou in a way that the spring breeze turns into rain and moistens things silently. Now, I go to the college for a blind date on Saturdays, go to the college on Sundays to listen to lectures by famous teachers, and take my Ethiopia Sugar Daddy children to school Learn ancient rituals and absorb WansonglingGoing to the natural oxygen bar to enjoy the fresh air has quietly become a fashionable way of life.
About the author:
Shao Qun, pen name Xifeng, female, (1 She suddenly took a deep breath, turned over and sat up, opened the curtains, and asked loudly Said: “Is there anyone outside?” 967-), a native of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, a research librarian of cultural relics and museums. He is currently a director of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, director of the Civilization and Art Professional Committee of the Hangzhou Garden Society, and deputy secretary and deputy director of the Huagang Management Office of the West Lake Scenic Area in Hangzhou.
Have been engaged in the protection of cultural relics and cultural heritage for a long time. The main research directions are West Lake culture and local literature, modern college culture, and the protection of immovable cultural relics. He is the author of “Wansong Academy”, “Research on the Qian Family Jiaotan Site in Wuyue”, “Discussing the Protection and Application of the Imperial City Site of the Southern Song Dynasty through the “Liangzhu Consensus””, “Wansong Shuyuan”; co-author of “Hangzhou Fenghuang Mountain Cliff Excerpts” “Hangzhou Huagang Cliff Excerpts” “Hangzhou City Yuhuangshan Wuxieyuan Site Postgraduate Research Brief” “Hangzhou Zhakou White Tower More than 10 books or papers including “Digital Postgraduate Entrance Examination Survey Practice – Protection of Civilization Heritage in the Three-Dimensional Digital Era”. He served as the team leader of the project “Analysis of the Impact of Yangming’s Psychology on the Education of Hangzhou Public Academy from the Wuxie Jingshe” and was awarded the Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Achievement Registration Certificate Number (16001275). Participated in the compilation of works such as “Collection of West Lake Documents” and “Zhejiang General Chronicles·West Lake Volume”.
Editor: Jin Fu
@font-face{font-family:”Times New Roman”;}@font-face{ font-family:”宋体”;}@font-face{font-family:”Calibri”;}p.MsoNormal{mso-style-name:Comment;mso-style-parent:””;margin:0pt;margin- bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:’Times New RomEthiopia Sugar Daddyan’;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;}span.msoIns{mso-style-type:export-only;mso-style-name:”” ;text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;color:blue;}span.msoDel{mso-style-type:export-only;mso-style-name:””;text-decoration:line-through;col Ethiopians Sugardaddyor:red;}@page{mso-page-border-surround-header:no;mso-page-border-surround -footer:Ethiopians Escortno;}@page Section0{margin-top:72.0000pt;margin-bottom:72.0000pt;margin-left :90.0000pt;margin-right:90.0000pt;size:595.3000pt 841.9000pt;layout-grid:15.6000pt;}Ethiopia Sugardiv .Section0{page:Section0;}